The article is about Africa - a continent with 54 countries - not South Africa, my home country, which lies at the tip of Africa.

Next, the articles does not present evidence. It is taking guesses. Right at the beginning of the pandemic, people weren't dyhing from Covid the way people in other countries were. It was assumed that either vaccinations given shortly after birth was responsible, or that Afircans, because they are exposed to a great many diseases in Africa, had developed immunity.

The tests given to people, for the sake of the study, tested for immunity. It is hardly scientific to assume that this immunity comes from Covid. We already know that Covid only gives you immunity for three months or so.

It is improbable that everybody in Africa suddenly had Covid during the past three months. The entire article uses the language 'may have' or 'might have.'

None of it is making factual statements based on evidence. It is guessing.